| Abstrakt: |
Objective: Experiments were conducted to study the response of cress (Lepidium sativum) which is a sensitive plant to allelochemical compounds sensitive to aqueous extract obtained from the different organs of important weeds such as Silybum marianum and Malva sylvestris. Methods: The experiment for each plant was performed as a factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications in 2023. The first factor was the different organs in three levels: root, stem, and leaf of weeds. The second factor was the various concentrations of the extracts obtained from each organ at 5 levels (0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100%). To extract samples, after collecting and drying them, the first 5 gr of the plant powder of each organ (weight) was extracted separately with 100 ml of distilled water as solvent (volume). Then different concentrations were prepared from the extract obtained from the stock (base solution). Results: The results showed that the percentage and rate of germination, length of radicle and, plumule, length of seedling, the ratio of radicle to plumule, seed length vigor index, dry weight of radicle and, plumule, seedling dry weight and seed weight vigor index of cress were influenced by aqueous extract of the Silybum marianum organs, different concentrations and the interaction effect of them. Among the different organs, the aqueous extract of the leaf had the highest inhibitory effect on the germination characteristics of the cress in such a way that the difference in the effect of different concentrations of organs was dependent on their concentration threshold. The findings showed that the effect of the aqueous extract of the different organs of Malva sylvestris weed on the germination characteristics of cress was similar to that of Silybum marianum, except that the aqueous extract of Malva sylvestris leaf in different concentrations had a higher inhibitory potential on the germination characteristics and seedling growth of cress compared to other organs and even Silybum marianum weed. Conclusions: Therefore, the use of the huge biomass of both studied weeds, especially the leaves of Malva sylvestris, can be a considerable option in producing biological herbicides to reduce the spread of weeds and water and soil pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
