| Abstrakt: |
According to the theory of Existential Monotheism (tawhid wujudi), the reality of existence is exclusive to the Supreme Being, and similar to him, the manifestations and epiphanies are the existence of the divine entity. Although before Mulla Sadra, some mystics and philosophers attempted to approach the argument for Existential Monotheism, Sadra was more successful than others in this field. In his works, he has provided an effective argument (burhan) to prove existential monotheism, through the analysis of causality ('lt) and disability and referring causality to the glory and evolution of the cause in its realms and manifestations. After him, commentators on his works followed his arguments. Mulla Ali Nouri and some of his followers have presented and interpreted the proof of causality and disability analysis based on the duality of cause and effect, and have been able to implement a form of existential monotheism in the field of relational existence and the unity by graduation (tashkik) of existence. From their point of view, existential monotheism means the exclusivity of the reality of existence in the Supreme Being, of course, this existence of a real entity has two levels of existence; One is the order of the divine essence, which is the order of inclusion of multiplicity in unity, and according to the rule of "the Simple Reality of all things", all perfections of contingent existences are related simply in the collective; The second order is the appositive verb and the vast mercy, which is the order of unity in plurality; That is, the rank of "sarian rahmat waseh qayyumiyya ishraqiyyah" (Divine Merciful Enlightenment Series) is a relational possibility in bound entities, and these interrelated existences are nothing more than the degrees of modulation of the same unified act. Methods: The method of collecting information in this research was a library; and the method of writing this article was based on descriptive-analytical approach. Results: In some of his works, Mulla Sadr has proved the personal unity of existence through the analysis of causality and disability, and referring it to the manifestation of the single truth in its multiple manifestations. The expressions of Sadr al-Maltahin in the interpretation of this argument indicate personal mystical unity. But the important point is that the proof of analysis of causality and disability (to prove the personal unity of existence) is very similar to the proof of the multiplication of wisdom and reasonableness to prove the unity of the wise and the reasonable (where the personal unity between the wise and the reasonable is also proven). ; So that some commentators of transcendental wisdom, such as Mulla Ali Nouri and some of his followers, have tried to prove the personal unity of existence through the contradiction between causality and disability. To clarify this matter, first we explained the stages of the proof of causality analysis and disability in several stages, then we explained the proof of rational and rational multiplication, then we showed that the proof of Mullah Ali Nouri in proving the unity of personal existence is in accordance with the proof of rational and reasonable multiplication is In the end, we showed that although Molla Ali Nouri with his creative mind was able to implement an innovative and intelligent argument to prove the personal unity of existence through the weakening of causality and disability; But it has not yet reached the stage of mystical personal unity. However, it must be admitted that he was able to explain a kind of unity of existence very well, which is very close and similar to mystical monotheism. Conclusions: Molla Ali Nouri and some of his followers have been able to implement a form of existential monotheism in the field of causal relational existence and unity of existence. From his point of view, existential monotheism means the exclusiveness of the truth of existence in the Supreme Being, of course, this existence of a true entity has two levels of existence; one is the level of divine essence and the second level is the level of applicative action, which is the same as the level of possible beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
