A Green Chemistry Principle for the Biotransformation of Fungal Biomass Derived Chitosan Into Versatile Nano Scale Materials with High Biocompatibility and Potential Biological Activities—A Review.

Autor: Varshan, G. S. Amrish, Namasivayam, S. Karthick Raja
Zdroj: BioNanoScience; Nov2024, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p4145-4166, 22p
Abstrakt: Nanoscale materials derived from natural polymers have attracted considerable attention in various scientific and technological fields due to their impressive qualities such as high efficacy, biodegradability, and particularly, biocompatibility. Chitosan, among these biopolymer-based nanomaterials, plays a crucial role owing to its unique structural and functional properties. While numerous studies have explored the biological activities of chitosan-based nanomaterials, there is a lack of research on the extraction of chitosan from the most cost-effective biological sources and its subsequent conversion into nanoscale materials. This review aims to address this gap by discussing the extraction of chitosan from fungal organisms—a distinct group of ubiquitous eukaryotic microorganisms—using simple, environmentally friendly in situ green science principles. It also explores the potential transformation of fungal-derived chitosan into nanoscale materials. The methods for extracting chitosan from fungal biomass are extensively reviewed, alongside the environmentally friendly routes for converting extracted chitosan into nanoscale materials such as chitosan nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Furthermore, the review thoroughly examines the applications of fabricated chitosan nanomaterials, highlighting their roles as antimicrobial, anticancer, and agro-active agents. Special attention is given to assessing the toxicity of chitosan nanomaterials using reliable in vitro and in vivo model systems. In summary, the findings suggest that chitosan derived from fungi shows promise as an effective bioactive nanomaterial for a wide range of applications, characterised by its high biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. This research underscores the potential of harnessing natural resources for the development of advanced nanomaterials with significant practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index