| Abstrakt: |
Soil degradation in Guinea has become a subject of national concern in general, and in Lower Guinea in particular. We set ourselves the objective of understanding the source of this phenomenon, evaluating its extent and proposing perspectives for its mitigation. To do this, we conducted about 30 surveys in the Boké region (Lower Guinea), combined with a very thorough geoscientific analysis (Teledetection, GIS, Cartography and Geology). Our results show that between 1982 and 1992, fresh vegetation cover was 67% and about 11% for each of the other classes: dry vegetation, barren soil and sand mineral soil. Between 1992 and 2002, the trend was 70% for fresh vegetation cover; 23% for dry vegetation; 2% for barren soil and 5% for sand mineral soil. Between 2002 and 2012, the same entities each and respectively increased to: 61%; 16%; 7% and 16% respectively. The period between 2012 and 2021 was marked by: 73% fresh vegetation cover; 22% dry vegetation; 2% barren soils and 3% sand mineral soil combination. Domestic needs, deforestation, meteorological variations and mining activity (bauxite mining affects the health of the local and surrounding population in several ways: by polluting the environment with charged air masses that move over several kilometres or by destroying its physical state; by the uncontrolled use of chemical explosives that impact human and animal wastewater in rivers and lakes) play a key role in this temporal and geographical fluctuation. In addition, to providing a more stable land management policy, we demonstrate here the natures of the negative impacts of all these factors and their magnitudes. The locations of the main pollution units in the region have been displayed. Degradation over time and in space was tracked, and then position the main rivers in relation to the high-risk areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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