| Abstrakt: |
The Japanese government established the Foreign Technical Intern and Training Program (TITP) for developing countries, enabling trainees from these countries to improve technology, skills, and practical knowledge in an actual work environment and apply their skills when they return home. However, due to issues including improper wage payments and overwork, this approach has received harsh criticism from human rights organizations inside and outside Japan. Previous research has primarily focused on the negative aspects of this program, with little emphasis placed on its positive impacts. TITP is considered critical for Indonesia because it provides high-paying jobs for "unskilled" youth, accounting for more than half of the unemployed population. This research aimed to summarize the current general condition of the TITP, classify the different programs under TITP, and compare the socio-economic conditions of the alumni after finishing TITP and returning to Indonesia. Based on the findings, we can assert that the TITP in the agriculture sector has attracted TITP alumni to pursue a career in agriculture, thereby contributing to an increase in young farmers, desperately needed to ensure the future of Indonesia's agriculture. The majority of alumni became farmer entrepreneurs. The average income of TITP alumni working in the agriculture sector was found to be more than three times that of the average Indonesian farmer's monthly income. The main programs realized under the TITP and reviewed in the current study included the Industrial Training Program (ITP) and the Technical Intern Program (TIP). These programs were compared with the NT Farm (NTF) in Fukui, which is recognized for its exceptional training methodology, including entrepreneurship development training. All NTF alumni now own land, and their average income is slightly higher compared to that of the ITP and TIP alumni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
