| Abstrakt: |
In cold climate countries like the Russian Federation, heating systems are essential during the cold winter, autumn and spring seasons. This creates big opportunities for conventional heating, leading to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Our studies showed that natural gas is the main source of heating in Russia with a little over 75% of the citizens’ dependent on it. Burning of natural gas, produces CO2, contributing markedly to greenhouse gas emissions from the housing sector. Furthermore, 40% of electricity generation comes from coalfired power plants emitting methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O). The categories of buildings: are single-family, multi-family, and commercial and public buildings. Existing building consumes the highest amount of energy (220kwh/m2/year), new buildings consume less energy (70kwh/m2/year), and advanced new and advanced retrofitted buildings consume very little energy (20kwh/m2/year). The common heating system in Russia includes; centralized heating systems (CHS), district heating systems (DHS), and individual heating systems (HIS). Thermal power plants are used in large cities, boilers, in countryside homes, and furnace heating in the villages. The housing sector is looking towards modernizing buildings with green and sustainable materials that will not only conserve energy but also reduce carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
