| Abstrakt: |
Neuroinflammation is critical to the pathogenesis and progression of epileptic seizures, and the inflammatory pathway is controlled by an interplay of highly regulated mediators such as cytokines. The combination of treadmill exercise program and curcumin administration has been shown to offer neuroprotection against epileptic seizure but without detailed mechanism of action being elucidated. This study therefore evaluated the responses of pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10 [IL-10]) cytokines, as well as the transcription factor regulator (nuclear factor kappa B [NFκB]) gene expressions to combinatory therapy of curcumin and treadmill exercise in cortex and hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizure in rats. The rats were grouped into control, pilocarpine-induced, pilocarpine + curcumin, pilocarpine + curcumin + exercise for 14 days thereafter; total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the cortex and hippocampus and used for reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay for TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, and NFκB. The results revealed that in pilocarpine-induced rats' cortex and hippocampus, the expressions of TNFα, IL-6, and NFκB were significantly upregulated while that of IL-10 was significantly downregulated. However, treatment with either curcumin or curcumin plus exercise significantly ameliorated these impairments in the inflammatory markers 'expression levels. Nevertheless, the combinatory therapy of curcumin and exercise showed significantly higher ameliorative effects in the cortical and hippocampal TNFα and IL-10, as well as cortical NFκB and IL-6. These superior therapeutic properties of the combination of curcumin and treadmill exercise further support the therapeutic potentials of this combinatory regimen in the management of epileptic seizures. Nonetheless, further studies including clinical observations are highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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