| Abstrakt: |
The essence and content of the concept of changeability as a complex property of geosystems is revealed in the context of the development of one of the theoretical foundations of complex physical geography, namely, the theory of geosystems. An analysis of the basic concepts of the theory of geosystems related to the invariant, dynamic states of geosystems, as well as their transformations, is carried out. This analysis allowed us to identify the main categories and forms of realization of discrete and continuous, spatiotemporal, and temporal changeability, depending on natural and anthropogenic factors of influence. A comparative analysis is carried out between the evolution of geosystems and biological evolution, and certain analogies between these processes are revealed. The concepts of evolution and transformation of geosystems are compared, and their similarities and differences are shown. The main dynamic states of geosystems (equifinal and variable) are reflected, and the relationship between them is revealed. It is pointed out that there are fundamental differences between primary and serial facies, distinguished by factor-dynamic features, and primary and serial biogeocenoses as dynamic states of a particular facies, determined mainly by natural and anthropogenic dynamics of the biota, as well as related changes in matter and energy exchange between components of the geosystem and its environment (adjacent geosystems). A total of eight main forms of spatiotemporal and temporal changeability have been identified; four of them are forms of temporal changeability (natural and natural–anthropogenic dynamics, transformation, and evolution), and four are their spatiotemporal analogs associated with the spatial differentiation of dynamic states of geosystems within one and several invariants, as well as with the typological heterogeneity of geosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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