| Autor: |
Ruzhanova-Gospodinova, Iliana Stefanova, Vladova, Silvi, Szara, Tomasz, Tandir, Faruk, Szara, Ewa, Yalin, Ebru Eravci, Gündemir, Ozan |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Animals (2076-2615); Sep2024, Vol. 14 Issue 17, p2541, 11p |
| Abstrakt: |
Simple Summary: This study explored the differences in skull and mandible shapes between male and female brown bears using advanced 3D imaging techniques. The main goal was to understand how and why these shapes vary, focusing on whether these differences are due to size or sex. The research found that male brown bears have longer and thinner skulls, with notable changes in specific areas like the back of the head and jaw muscles. These differences are likely linked to the larger body size of male bears, which may require stronger muscles and a different skull structure to support their greater weight and chewing needs. The study highlights the importance of these shape variations for the bears' adaptation to their environment. Understanding these differences can help conserve and manage brown bear populations by providing insights into their physical development and needs. This knowledge is valuable for wildlife biologists, conservationists, and anyone interested in the natural world, offering a clearer picture of how animals adapt over time. The present study aimed to describe the skull and mandibles of the brown bear (U. arctos) from the Dancing Bear Belitsa Park using advanced 3D morpho-geometric techniques. The objective was to explore how sexual dimorphism and size influence cranial structures using advanced 3D geometric morphometric methods. Three-dimensional models of the skulls and mandibles of 12 brown bears were used. Differences in skull morphology between male and female brown bears were observed in this study. The male brown bear skull, larger than the female, exhibited a more pronounced extension of the upper part of the nuchal region towards the posterior. Additionally, the posterior part of the frontal region appeared notably thinner in male brown bears compared to females. Analysis of the mandible revealed that the masseteric fossa was more developed in males than females. These shape differences between males and females were found to be influenced by body size. Statistical analyses indicated a significant allometric effect of body size on skull PC1 values, suggesting that giant bears tend to have more elongated skulls. This implies a relationship in which larger individuals exhibit greater cranial elongation. In contrast, mandible PC1 values showed no size-related variation, indicating that mandibular shape is less influenced by overall body size. However, PC2 values in the mandible increased significantly with larger specimens, indicating a larger masseteric fossa in larger bears. This morphological adaptation potentially enhances feeding efficiency and bite strength in larger individuals, reflecting functional adaptations in brown-bear mandibular morphology. These findings contribute to our understanding of sexual dimorphism and size-related morphological adaptations in brown bears, providing insights into their adaptation biology and ecological roles within their habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
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