| Abstrakt: |
This study assessed the larvicidal and emergence inhibitory effects of propolis from western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.), and Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) extracts on common house mosquito Culex pipiens L. larvae, a significant public health threat as a vector for various diseases. Our analysis encompassed individual and combined evaluations of these natural products. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed distinctive chemical compositions in P. lentiscus and L. nobilis essential oils, featuring noteworthy compounds such as spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool, and 1,8-cineole. HPLC analysis showed richness of phenolics in all extracts, including benzoic acid, quercetin, and catechin hydrate. Individual larvicidal assessments demonstrated L. nobilis essential oil as the most potent, with an LC50 of 31.94 ppm and an LT50 of 6.14 h. Followed by P. lentiscus essential oil (LC50 of 46.59 ppm, LT50 of 33.77 h), L. nobilis ethanolic extract (LC50 of 73.17 ppm, LT50 of 11.55 h), propolis (LC50 of 89.22 ppm, LT50 of 25.40 h), and P. lentiscus ethanolic extract (LC50 of 135.60 ppm, LT50 of 47.69 h). Remarkably, combinations of extracts from P. lentiscus and L. nobilis, particularly their essential oils, exhibited stronger larvicidal effects than individual extracts. Notably, specific volume ratios, such as 1:4, 2:3, and 2:2, showed consistent synergistic activity, as did combinations with ethanolic extracts and propolis. Additionally, the essential oils inhibited larval emergence, with synergistic effects observed in specific combinations. These results highlight the potential of these natural extracts, both alone and in combination, as effective and eco-friendly larvicidal agents against Cx. pipiens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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