| Abstrakt: |
Simple Summary: The individual-rearing method has proven beneficial for detailed studies on the growth and feeding of aquatic organisms, helping to minimize the impact of non-dietary factors such as cannibalism. The Kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus occupies a significant niche in global aquaculture, but there is still a gap in the research on its nutrient supply, particularly in comparing the nutritional impacts of live feed and pellet diets. This study employed an individual-rearing method to investigate the effects of live feed (Perinereis aibuhitensis), formulated pellet diets, and their combinations on the growth and health of P. japonicus. The results revealed that live feed can enhance shrimp growth performance compared to pellet diets and provide a healthier and more stable intestinal flora. Growth and feeding performance on a mixed diet were comparable to live feed while also reducing costs. And the individual-rearing method allowed us to find inter-individual differences in growth and feeding, with daily intake varying cyclically with the molting cycle. These findings elucidate the feed preferences as well as the growth and feeding characteristics of shrimp, offering novel methodologies for shrimp feed selection, trait collection, and breeding strategies. This has the potential to significantly enhance aquacultural practices. This study developed an individual-rearing method to compare the effects of live feed (sandworms Perinereis aibuhitensis), formulated pellet diets, and a mixture of live feed and formula feed on the Kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus, aiming to minimize the influence of non-dietary factors on the growth of P. japonicus, like cannibalism. Results indicated that live feed, with its higher protein, essential amino acids, and fatty acid content, led to significantly better growth and feeding performance in P. japonicus (p < 0.05) compared to pellet diets. A mixed diet resulted in a lower average daily protein intake yet maintained a growth and feeding performance comparable to live feed. The intestinal microbiota of shrimp, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, showed significant shifts with diet changes. Specifically, formulated feed increased the relative abundance of Vibrio and Photobacterium while decreasing Shimia and Rhodobacterales (p < 0.05), and feeding live food resulted in a more complex and stable bacterial network. Notably, individual variances in growth and feeding were observed among shrimps, with some on formulated diets showing growth comparable to those on live feed. Each shrimp's final weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, and average daily food intake positively correlated with its initial body weight (p < 0.05), and daily intake varied cyclically with the molting cycle. These findings suggest that individual-rearing is an effective approach for detailed feed evaluation and monitoring in P. japonicus, contributing to improved feed selection, development, and feeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
