| Abstrakt: |
A river's ability to purify itself is a key marker of its overall health and is crucial in cases where the water is contaminated. The Yamuna River originates in Banderpoonch and travels through a number of locations along its course. Sewage, hotel garbage, and animal waste are dumped into the river, which not only contaminates the water but also impairs its ability to purify itself. Dilution, sedimentation, reaeration, adsorption, absorption, temperature, sunlight, and chemical and biological reactions, are the factors that affects self-purification capacity. Drainage density plays a major role in purifying the water, it can be clearly observed from the samples taken before and after the sub-watershed SW-2, SW-8, and Tons watershed. Samples are taken from 26 locations i.e., 23 from Yamuna River and 3 (T1 to T3) from tributaries Kedarganga, Badrigad, and Tons. 16 Physio-chemical and biological parameters i.e., pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, DO, Alkalinity, Fluoride, Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrate, Sodium, Ammonium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Total Hardness and Escherichia coli are used to calculate Water quality index (WQI). WQI ranges from 24.58 (R21) to 1258 (R5) and Ecoli from 2 (R1) to 436.6 MPN/100 mL (R5). Water quality is deteriorating at some locations from previous locations and improving at some locations, which shows that self-purification is taking place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
