| Abstrakt: |
Mental health is the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of a person who feels protected, needed, realizes his abilities, and can overcome life's stresses. Mental disorders (MD) are a serious health problem worldwide today, which lead to a significant medical burden and economic losses for both medical institutions and patients and their families. Today, MD are one of the priority directions in the daily practice of Ukrainian doctors. MD can include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, etc. Recently, the attention of scientists and doctors has been paid to the interaction between the microbiome and mental health. The researches which are aimed at defining what is a healthy microbiome have revealed significant individual differences in its composition and diversity. It has been established that a certain composition of the gut microbiome (GM) is associated with the development of anxiety disorders. Research results show that patients and animal models (mice) with anxiety disorders have a dramatic decrease in microbial richness and diversity. Patients with anxiety disorder typically had reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. In addition, GM changes were associated with the onset and development of depressive disorder. Differences in the composition of fecal microbiota in patients with major depressive disorder were revealed. The main methods of MD treatment today are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, which have limited effectiveness. However, practitioners are looking for alternative ways to help such patients. The results of many studies indicate that prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin) as well as postbiotics show a protective effect on mental health, especially when used in combination. At the same time, prebiotics may be a potential agent for alleviating the side effects of antipsychotics used in the treatment of MD. More experimental researches and high-quality clinical trials are needed to study the effects of dietary components on MD through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
