| Abstrakt: |
There are two approaches to environmental changes; the first approach is based on ignoring these changes and continuing the current situation, which will only result in further environmental destruction. The second approach involves identifying these changes from the past to the present and formulating an environmental management plan to control these changes and plan for improving the environmental situation.Monitoring and examining the water levels of wetlands using remote sensing to protect this natural heritage has received significant attention in recent years by many countries, and this is considered the first step in identifying the problem and attempting to solve it, making it of particular importance.The Heshilan wetland area in ENVI 5.6 software was delineated, and the errors in Landsat satellite images were corrected radiometrically and atmospherically.The 30-meter pixel size image was converted to a 15-meter pixel size to enhance the spatial resolution of the study area, then we normalized the surface reflectance values and used the Target Detection Wizard in ENVI 5.6 software to determine the area of the wetland in Heshilan in February of each year during the years (2000-2022), and the Shape File output was called in ArcMap 10.8.2 to calculate the area of the Heshilan wetland in square kilometers on the date of satellite image acquisition.The results of interpreting satellite images in the years under study show that in 2005 and 2018, the wetland had the highest and lowest surface area, respectively, in the past two decades, with an area of 3.83 and 0.34 square kilometers in those years, respectively. The results indicate that over the past 22 years, the wetland has faced a decrease in water level by 0.79 square kilometers for that specific month.The research results indicate that analyzing satellite images using remote sensing techniques can effectively demonstrate changes in wetland area over time intervals.The results of interpreting satellite images over the years under study show a decrease in the extent of the Heshilan wetland, especially in the western and southwestern regions of the wetland. This decrease can be attributed to natural phenomena such as drying up of some springs due to droughts and periods of low water, as well as adverse effects of human activities such as increased human access to the wetland through access roads in this area, land encroachment by villagers converting them into agricultural lands, presence of deep wells in surrounding lands, and exploitation of wetland water through irrigation channels without proper consideration of water inflow.In these circumstances, the wetland ecosystem has completely changed, and other aquatic birds no longer live in this area.Considering the unfavorable trends in Heshilan wetland, continuing the current trend could endanger the existence and integrity of the Heshilan wetland irreversibly. Ecosystem management of the wetland through formulating a management plan to preserve and restore the structure and functions of this ecosystem with long-term stability can be a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
