| Abstrakt: |
Background and objectives: In recent years, due to human concerns about the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strain, especial attention has been paid to plant essential oil and extracts as replacer for growth promoter antibiotics. The results of in vitro studies have shown that essential oils and their constituents have the potential to alter ruminal fermentation and improve energy utilization in ruminants. One of the plants that have been recently considered is cinnamon with the scientific name of Cinnamomum verum. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the effect of cinnamon essential oil on performance, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in feedlot lambs. Background and Objectives: Considering the characteristics of tomato pomace, which contains high amounts of crude protein, as well as pumpkin waste (including skin and fruit), which contain high amounts of soluble carbohydrates as an energy source, the combination of these two is better for preparing silage. It can support the fermentation process in silage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of bacterial and acidic additives on chemical acids, fermentation properties and digestibility in tomato pomace silage and pumpkin waste. Material and Methods: Representative of samples were packed manually, in triplicate into plastic bags and were stored at ambient temperature and allowed to ensiled for 90 days. The following treatments were applied to the forage samples: 1) tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix (50:50), without any additives (control), 2) control + LAB made inoculant (8×109 CFU/ml), 3) control + organic acid and 4) control + organic acid + LAB made inoculants. Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect between the treatments in terms of dry matter in 45 days (P<0.05). The highest was observed on the 45th day in the 24.38 acid treatment. There was no significant effect between the treatments in terms of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (P>0.05). But, as days passed after ensiling crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased. A significant difference was observed in the amount of ammonia nitrogen between the experimental treatments 45 days after ensiling (P<0.05), which was the highest on the 90th day of 2.50 in the bacterial treatment and the lowest on the 1st day in the acid treatment of 0.20. The pH value of different silages during the time after ensiling was not affected by the experimental treatments. The lowest pH value (3.85) was observed on the 90th day after ensiling in silage with added bacteria. As the time after ensiling increased, the pH decreased. Flake point was significant in all treatments and all days (P<0.05). The lowest was observed on the 1st day of 49.08 in the control treatment and the highest was observed on the 45th day of 93.86 in the bacterial treatment. There was no significant effect between treatments in terms of dry and organic matter digestibility, parsing factor, microbial mass production and gas production efficiency (P>0.05). However, the highest and lowest digestibility of dry and organic matter were related to treatments 2 and 1, respectively. In terms of microbial protein production efficiency, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The pH value at the end of the period was significant (P<0.05), and all the treatments had lower pH compared to the control. Also, the amount of ammonia nitrogen at the end of the period was significant (P<0.05) and the highest ammonia nitrogen belonged to the control. Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the use of different additives did not have a significant effect on the nutritional value of the mixed silage of tomato pomace and pumpkin waste compared to the control treatment. Considering the cost of adding additives, as well as having information and technical knowledge regarding additives, it is recommended to consume tomato pomace and pumpkin waste without adding any additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
