| Abstrakt: |
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, which is considered a chronic metabolic disorder, is continuously causing a significant global health challenge. According to recent studies, an estimated 537 million adults aged between 20-79 years have been dealing with diabetes in 2021, and this number is projected to rise to 784 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2021). The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epitomizes a substantial global health challenge with profound implications for both individual well-being and healthcare systems worldwide. Materials and methods: As per the study requirement, 280 patients from DAPM RV Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore aged between 21 to 50 years were included. The 280 patients were divided into 4 groups; Group 1 consisted of 70patients with no dental caries and diabetes and, were regarded as control, group 2 consisted of 70 patients with active dental caries but no diabetes, group 3 consisted of 70 patients with diabetes but no active dental caries, while group 4 consists of 70 patients who are diabetic and have active dental caries. Results: The salivary pH is a critical factor in the oral cavity's health. The healthy individuals (Group 1), as shown in Table 2, had a mean higher pH (7.69 ± 0.4) compared to patients with dental caries without DM (7.3 ± 0.4; p**** <0.0001 ) and compared to Type 2 DM without caries. The decrease in the pH in groups 2 and 3 and the shift toward an acidic environment show potential favor toward caries development and indicate metabolic changes in DM. The most significant decrease in pH levels was observed in type 2 DM with active dental caries (7.1 ± 0.2; p**** < 0.0001), suggesting an emphasis on the compound effect of diabetes and dental caries on salivary acidity and highlighting the relationship between systemic health and oral microbiota. Conclusion: The present study tried to depict detailed insights into the conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus and dental caries by exploring the serum and salivary biomarkers and inflammatory markers. The present finding suggests a significant change in individuals with a change in systemic and oral parameters; these changes were more evident in individuals with type 2 DM with active dental caries. The present study emphasizes an integrated approach to managing diabetes mellitus and oral problems by assessing the biomarkers of salivary and serum. Further, exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms in the future would help design effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
