A Comparative Analysis of the Cytotoxic and Vascular Activity Effects of Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) and Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Venoms Using a Chick Embryo Model.

Autor: Bekešová, Barbora, Petrilla, Vladimír, Polláková, Magdaléna, Andrejčáková, Zuzana, Vlčková, Radoslava, Dyba, Barbara, Sopková, Drahomíra, Petrillová, Monika, Petrovová, Eva, Legáth, Jaroslav
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Zdroj: Animals (2076-2615); Jun2024, Vol. 14 Issue 11, p1634, 14p
Abstrakt: Simple Summary: Crotalus snake envenomation poses a serious challenge due to its diverse toxicological effects, including neurological, myotoxic, and cytotoxic symptoms, often leading to death. The aim of the study was to elucidate the physiological effects of exposure to Crotalus atrox and Crotalus adamanteus venoms and to assess toxicity using chicken embryo models. Currently, there is not a lot of research demonstrating the physiological effects of venom, including its potential impact on embryos, in accordance with the 3R rules. The applied research model consisted of the chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) test, which allowed for (i) a demonstration of the greater toxicity of C. adamanteus venom and (ii) an observation of the embryotoxic effect and vasoactive nature of the tested venom species. Additionally, (iii) morphological abnormalities (such as Siamese twins) emerged, and (iv) changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were identified (resulting solely from its presence in the examined tissues due to the lack of this component in exogenously applied venom). These results provide crucial insights into the mechanisms of Crotalus venom toxicity and their potential biomedical applications. Crotalus snakebites induce various toxicological effects, encompassing neurological, myotoxic, and cytotoxic symptoms, with potentially fatal outcomes. Investigating venom toxicity is essential for public health, and developing new tools allows for these effects to be studied more comprehensively. The research goals include the elucidation of the physiological consequences of venom exposure and the assessment of toxicity using animal models. Chicken embryos serve as valuable models for assessing venom toxicity through the chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, particularly useful for evaluating vascular impacts. C. adamanteus venom application resulted in higher embryotoxicity and morphological abnormalities, such as Siamese twins. The CAM assay demonstrated the hemorrhagic effects of venom, varying with venom type and concentration. The irritant potential of both venom types was classified as slight or moderate depending on their concentration. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was performed to receive information about organ toxicity. The results show that both venoms induced changes in the whole embryo, heart, and liver weights, but the C. adamanteus venom was identified as more toxic. Specific venom concentrations affected AChE activity in embryonic tissues. These findings underscore the embryotoxic and vasoactive properties of Crotalus venoms, providing valuable insights into their mechanisms of toxicity and potential applications in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index
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