| Abstrakt: |
The population of older people has been increasing rapidly worldwide. It was found that the neurons in the brains of the elderly were deteriorating, which has resulted in decreased learning and memory. The prevention of these conditions has therefore received more attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of germinated black rice extract (GBR) on learning and memory in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Twenty-four subjects aged 45 to 70 were randomized into 2 groups, a control and an experimental group who received placebo versus GBR (1,000 mg/day) for eight weeks. A computerized battery test was performed at weeks 4 and 8. One of the neurotransmitter biomarkers for learning and memory assessment is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in plasma. The results showed that 4 weeks after GBR consumption, the working memory was improved by decreasing the response time, attentional control, and memory speed. Moreover, at week 8, there was a significant improvement in response time (speed of memory) and quality of memory compared to the placebo group. At the end of the study period, the findings revealed that AChE and MAO levels were statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Moreover, no alteration in biochemical parameters of the liver and renal function was observed, which could confirm the safety of this formula. Therefore, GBR could promote learning and memory. The possible mechanism might have occurred primarily via the suppression of AChE and MAO levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
