| Abstrakt: |
The aim of this article is to analyse the influence of the theoretical-philosophical framework elaborated by the Milanese Enlightenment philosopher Cesare Beccaria (1738- 1794), in the volume On Crimes and Punishments (1764), on the sociological thought of Moses Dobruska (1753-1794) and in particular his main work, the Philosophie sociale, published in 1793 in revolutionary Paris. Dobruska, a founding father of sociology forgotten for two centuries, inspired Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825) and later Auguste Comte (1798- 1857). The article highlights both similarities and differences in the theoretical approaches and intentions between the two authors, delving into the themes of deviance, transgression of norms, sanctions as well as the ultimate goal of society, which Beccaria aspires to reform, and which Dobruska instead wants to revolutionise. The aim of Beccaria’s philosophical essay is to rationalise the penal system in order to reduce unhappiness in the Duchy of Milan. Dobruska incorporates the reforms of the judicial system elaborated by Beccaria, albeit with some alterations. As a forerunner of sociological thinking, he is, however, more interested in investigating the inclinations of the deviant person and the structural processes that hinder deviance or those that support it. In preparation for a democratic society after the abolition of the Ancien Régime, Dobruska reflects on the social and cultural determinants of happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
