Distinct PM2.5‐Related Near‐Term Climate Penalties Induced by Different Clean Air Measures in China.

Autor: Gao, Da, Zhao, Bin, Wang, Shuxiao, Shen, Jiewen, Wang, Yuan, Zhou, Chen, Jiang, Jingkun, Wu, Qingru, Li, Shengyue, Sun, Yisheng, He, Yicong, Zhu, Yun, Jiang, Zhe
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Zdroj: Geophysical Research Letters; 4/28/2024, Vol. 51 Issue 8, p1-10, 10p
Abstrakt: The reductions in aerosols often exacerbate climate warming. It remains unclear how to effectively alleviate PM2.5 pollution while minimizing the penalty on climate warming. Here we identify the clean air measures in China that are associated with low aerosol climate penalty efficiency (ACPE), which is defined as aerosol radiative forcing per unit PM2.5 concentration reduction. The measures in transportation, residential combustion, and open burning sectors generally caused lower ACPE [0.07, 0.24, and 0.10 (W m−2)/(μg m−3)] than those from other sectors [0.34–0.46 (W m−2)/(μg m−3)]. This is ascribed to relatively small decreases in cloud concentration nuclei per unit PM2.5 reduction in these sectors, which is further attributed to either relatively low aerosol hygroscopicity or relatively small decrease in aerosol number. Most measures in the former three sectors have low ACPE of <0.15 [(W m−2)/(μg m−3)] and thus may be prioritized for synergistically controlling PM2.5 pollution and climate warming. Plain Language Summary: Aerosols not only cause serious air pollution but also alter the Earth's climate. Previous studies reported that PM2.5 improvement since 2013 has led to considerable positive aerosol radiative forcing over China, exacerbating climate warming. However, it remains unclear how to effectively alleviate PM2.5 pollution while minimizing the penalty on climate warming. Here we identify clean air measures in China that are associated with low aerosol climate penalty efficiency (ACPE), which is defined as aerosol radiative forcing per unit PM2.5 concentration reduction. The measures taken in transportation, residential combustion, and open burning sectors generally caused lower ACPE [0.07, 0.24, and 0.10 (W m−2)/(μg m−3)] than those from other sectors [0.34–0.46 (W m−2)/(μg m−3)]. This is ascribed to relatively small decreases in cloud concentration nuclei per unit PM2.5 reduction in these sectors, which is further attributed to either relatively low aerosol hygroscopicity or relatively small decreases in aerosol number. Furthermore, we found that most clean air measures in the former three sectors have low ACPE [<0.15 (W m−2)/(μg m−3)] and possess high emission reduction potential. These measures may be prioritized for promotion to reduce PM2.5 concentrations and minimize climate penalties. Key Points: The emission reductions in transportation, residential and open burning caused relatively small radiative forcing per unit PM2.5 reductionThe smaller radiative forcing is primarily ascribed to weaker decreases in cloud condensation nuclei per unit PM2.5 reductionThe measures with the smallest radiative forcing per unit PM2.5 reduction are identified and may be implemented in priority [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index
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