| Abstrakt: |
Background: Urinary bladder lesions may be either cancerous or non-neoplastic. Urothelial carcinoma is the most frequent form, accounting for 90% of bladder primary tumors. Other types of epithelial bladder cancers include squamous cell carcinomas, mixed urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, adenocarcinomas, and small cell carcinomas. Our work aims to define the histomorphological spectrum of urinary bladder lesions in TURBT and cystoscopic biopsy specimens, as well as to investigate the relationship between smoking habits and urinary bladder malignancies. Methodology: This is a retrospective and prospective observational research of the histomorphological spectrum of urinary bladder lesions conducted in the Department of Urology and department of pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a three-year period. A total of 83 biopsies were performed. The patient provided a comprehensive clinical history, with a focus on his smoking history. Patients of all ages with urinary bladder lesions who attended a urology department and had undergone or were undergoing TURBT/cystoscopic biopsy were included in the research, whereas autolyzed and insufficient specimens were excluded. Results: Among the study group, symptoms appear. 59 patients had haematuria, 65 had dysuria, and 59 experienced stomach discomfort. None of the seven patients with benign lesions smoked, while 51 of the 76 patients with malignant lesions smoked, and 25 were nonsmokers. Malignant tumors were found in 100% of smokers and 78.1% of nonsmokers. The difference in malignancy rates between smokers and nonsmokers was statistically significant (pvalue= 0.001). In this research, histopathology examinations of samples from 76 individuals (92%) revealed malignant tumors, whereas 7 patients (8%) had benign lesions. Conclusion: In our investigation, the most prevalent bladder lesion was urothelial carcinoma. The most prevalent kind of urothelial carcinoma was high-grade papillary carcinoma, which invaded the lamina propria and muscularis propria. Pathological grade and muscle invasion are the most important prognostic indicators of survival. As a result, screening for bladder cancer in all smokers over the age of 40 must be made obligatory. The public must be made more aware of smoking's dangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
