| Abstrakt: |
Respiratory pathology in pigs is a widespread issue in global pig farming. The etiology of pneumonia varies and can significantly differ between regions. Periodically, new pathogens inducing respiratory diseases in pigs, including respiratory organs, are discovered worldwide. Therefore, the aim of our work was to determine the microbiome structure of pneumonia in domestic pigs in Ukraine. Fragments of lung tissue were collected for research from deceased pigs with signs of respiratory pathology. A total of 87 cases of pig pneumonia from 62 pig farms located in 20 different regions of Ukraine were investigated. Using the qPCR method, genes of 13 microorganisms were identified: PCV 2, PCV 3, SIV type A, SIV type D, PRRSV EU, A. pleuropneumoniae, A. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, S. suis, P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, and G. parasuis. It has been determined that the pneumonia microbiome in growing pigs is represented by a co-infection of 3-6 microorganisms, while in fattening pigs, it consists of 4-7 microorganisms. The maximum number of microorganisms in the pneumonia focus in both groups comprises 9 taxa. Some cases have been identified where none of the microorganisms were detected. The most prevalent microorganisms causing pig pneumonia are PCV2, G. parasuis, S. suis, M. hyorhinis, and P. multocida, whereas the least common are PCV3, PRRSV EU, and SIV type A. There is no evidence of SIV type D circulation among domestic pigs in Ukraine. There was found out the association for verified pneumonia events of growing pigs with dominant viruses PCV2 and PRRSV UA while an average concentration ranging from 108 to 109 genome equivalents per gram of lung tissue. In fattening pigs, PCV2 and A. pleuropneumoniae are most prevalent, with their average quantity varying from 107 to 109 genome equivalents per gram of lung tissue. PCV2 in most pneumonia cases appeared as a monoviral infection. Viral co-infections were identified involving PCV2, PRRSV UA, and PCV3. The least common respiratory virus is SIV type A, detected in only 2% of affected lungs. Bacterial pneumonia without viral involvement in growing pigs is significantly less common than in fattening pigs, but the bacterial spectrum is common for both groups, represented by M. hyorhinis, S. suis, and G. parasuis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
