| Abstrakt: |
It is unclear whether Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and greenness have additional modifying effects on the association between air pollution and respiratory system disease. Utilizing a time‐stratified case‐crossover design with a distributed lag linear model, we analyzed the association between six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) and 555,498 respiratory hospital admissions in Beijing from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2019. We employed conditional logistic regression, adjusting for meteorological conditions, holidays and influenza, to calculate percent change of hospitalization risk. Subsequently, we performed subgroup analysis to investigate potential effect modifications using a two‐sample z test. Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 led to increases of 0.26% (95%CI: 0.17%, 0.35%), 0.15% (95%CI: 0.09%, 0.22%), 0.61% (95%CI: 0.44%, 0.77%), 1.72% (95%CI: 1.24%, 2.21%), and 0.32% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.43%) in admissions, respectively. Also, a 1 mg/m3 increase in CO levels resulted in a 2.50% (95%CI: 1.96%, 3.04%) rise in admissions. The links with NO2 (p < 0.001), SO2 (p < 0.001), O3 (during the warm season, p < 0.001), and CO (p < 0.001) were significantly weaker among patients residing in areas with higher levels of greenness. No significant modifying role of GDP was observed. Greenness can help mitigate the effects of air pollutants, while the role of GDP needs further investigation. Plain Language Summary: Numerous investigations have explored the connection between air pollution and respiratory disease hospital admissions. Nonetheless, the potential modifying roles of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the presence of green spaces remain inconclusive. To address this issue, our research utilized a time‐stratified case‐crossover design, analyzing electronic patient records from Beijing, China's capital city. Our analysis did not reveal any significant alteration in the relationship between air pollution and respiratory disease admissions due to sex or GDP. However, the data indicated that the correlation was amplified for individuals aged over 65, during different seasons, for those with differing marital statuses, and among those residing in areas with low greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index levels). Drawing from an extensive data set, these results offer more detailed insight into strategies to mitigate the effects of air pollution on respiratory disease‐related hospital admissions. Key Points: Six pollutants have adverse effects, with O3 exerting adverse effects only in the warm seasonGreenness has a modifying effect on the detrimental impact of NO2, SO2, O3 (warm), and CONo moderating effect of Gross Domestic Product was found [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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