| Abstrakt: |
Hydrodynamic shear force, described in terms of superficial up-flow air velocity, is one of the crucial variables in the aerobic granulation process as it influences the production of compact, stable, and dense granules. Aerobic granulation process that is recognized as a promising technology for biological wastewater treatment because of its superior effluent treatment quality, robust capacity to withstand organic loading, robust microbiological structure, and high potential to remove organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review compiles and describes the effect of hydrodynamic shear force on the formation and performance of biogranules in treating domestic wastewater. It can be observed that SUAVs with velocities of 2 cm/s and above successfully create granules with diameters more than 1 mm. However, this relies on the OLR value. On top of that, new techniques developed to increase the hydrodynamics shear force without using high aeration rate called static mixer were also discussed as a new alternative to reduce the energy consumption, carbon emission and eventually the cost of operation for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
