| Abstrakt: |
1. Introduction According to poets' poems, contemporary history is directly related to contemporary poetry, as without knowing history, it may be difficult to understand many poems. From the direct relationship between history and poetry, it is a reflection of the people's struggles in the constitutional revolution that poets with social commitment, with motivational poems, described historical events and praised national characters. the rebellion of the people of Azerbaijan against the tyranny of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar led by Sattar Khan is a clear example that has a special place in constitutional literature. In this article, the position of Azerbaijan in constitutional poetry has been investigated by studying poets' poems in a library. The main question of the research is that in the constitutional poem, Azerbaijan is considered with which components and which content is mentioned about it. Mohammad Taqi Bahar, Aref Qazvini, Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, Vahid Dastgardi, Nasim Shamal, Farrokhi Yazdi are prominent poets of this period who paid attention to the issues of Azerbaijan And they have reflected the Rebellion of Mohammad Khayabani. 2. Methodology This research was done by library study and descriptive-analytical method with content analysis. First, the Divan of Poets was selected and were collected the poems written on the subject of Azerbaijan, Then, these poems were analyzed according to the components of the research and a note was taken and an article was written by analyzing the notes. 3. Discussion After the death of Muzaffaruddin Shah, who had signed the decree of constitutionalism, Muhammad Ali Shah came to the Monarchy and opposed constitutionalism, This action caused the Rebellion of the constitutionalists against the Qajar government, The first city that openly stood against his tyranny was Tabriz, whose people, under the leadership of Sattar Khan, came to oppose his despotism and the presence of foreigners in the country, and Mohammad Ali Shah had to send forces to confront them. The Sustainability of the people of Tabriz against him lasted for eleven months (from July 2, 1987 to May 19, 1988), and it ended with the intervention of Russian forces and the departure of the constitutional leaders to Tehran. With the advancement of constitutionalists from other cities to Tehran, Mohammad Ali Shah was dethroned. After that, Azerbaijan continued to experience bitter and painful events, the most important of which was the siege of Tabriz by the Ottomans, the war with Russia, and the rebellion of Mohammad Khayabani. These events have been reflected in the poetry of constitutionalist poets, The most important content that can be seen in the poems of poets related to the events in Azerbaijan is the rebellion of the Azerbaijani people, their resistance against despotism and colonialism, and condemnation of foreigners, which is abundant in the following cases. Description of Azerbaijan's resistance against the despotism of Mohammad Ali Shah and the Qajar government: During this period, the encomium of Azerbaijan with this word and the word "Tabriz" can be seen in the Divan of Poets. People's resistance, sorrow from the blockade of Tabriz, Sattar Khan's war with Samad Khan, the victory of the constitutional forces and the escape of Muhammad Ali Shah are the focus of these poems. Even after the constitution, Mohammad Khayabani's rebellion is prominent, and poets supported his rebellion and mourned his death. Description of Azerbaijan and praise of Tabriz resistance forces: In their poems, poets have spoken about the ancient history of Azerbaijan, which was the seat of Zarathustra and witnessed the greatness of the era, and lamented that it has become the seat of internal and foreign despotism in this day and age. But its resistance has been praised. Sattar Khan, Baqer Khan and Mohammad Khabani have been praised from the resistance forces of Azerbaijan against despotism and colonialism, Of course, people's resistance has also been central in all poems with this theme. Sattar Khan's name is mentioned more than others in poets' poems. The presence of foreigners in Azerbaijan: denunciation of the Russia, England and Ottoman government in the events of Azerbaijan is prominent in the poetry of poets. England had no direct connection with the events in Azerbaijan, but Russia and Ottomans directly occupied Tabriz. Denunciation of Russia has the most content. Russia, supporting the Qajar government, went against Azerbaijan and after the constitution, under the pretext of war with the Ottomans, it blockaded Tabriz. Mohammad Taqi Bahar, Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, Farkhi Yazdi, Arif Qazvini paid attention to the England conspiracy and Russia's interference in the country and their confrontation with Tabriz and supported Azerbaijan by denunciation Russia. After the constitution, the Ottoman government occupied Tabriz in the fight against Russia, and poets supported Tabriz and wrote poems condemning the Ottoman government. 4. Conclusion The results show: Azerbaijan, as the cradle of Zoroastrianism and the background of ancient Iran, has been the attention of poets, and its historical events centered on Tabriz are reflected in the content of constitutional poetry. Describing the Despotism of Mohammad Ali Shah, Denunciation of Russia, praising the people's resistance against internal Despotism and the presence of characters in the country, praising Sattar Khan and sympathizing with the people are important components in relation to Azerbaijan in the poetry of the constitutional period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
