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1. Introduction Examining and analyzing prominent literary works based on various criticisms and theories can open the hidden aspects of understanding these texts to the audience. One of these works is Nasser Khosrow's Divan Poems. Naser Khosrow spent his ups and downs in the fifth century of Hijri. In his youth, he was engaged in clerical and court work in the Sunni government of the Ghaznavid and Seljuk sects. Nasser Khosrow first, during the reign of Cheghri Beik Daoud Seljuqi, as a result of a dream he saw, he gave up drinking alcohol, which was his long-standing habit, and left for a trip to Mecca. At this time, nearly 40 years of his life had passed. Naser Khosrow was a follower of the Hanafi religion before the seven-year journey, and after spending nearly three years of his journey in Egypt, he converted to the Ismaili Shia religion. The theme of Nasser Khosrow's poem has a critical facet towards the Sunni government of the Ghaznavid religion. He was fired and put under various pressures. He considered the Ismaili religion to be his only refuge and called the leader of this sect, who was one of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt,. His being an Ismaili Shia on the one hand, and on the other hand the rule of families with a tendency towards Sunni and Shafi'i jurisprudence in his time, is indicative of this contradiction. In this research, based on modern historicism, Nasser Khosrow's poems are discussed and these questions are answered. 2. Methodology New historicism is a new trend that mainly refers to currents in the fields of literary studies, cultural criticism, literary theory and art, which pay attention to literature and poetry from a cultural angle. Therefore, the aim of modern historicism is to pay attention to the cultural components of literature, and it also looks for cultural and social components in non-fiction texts as well (Atkinson, 1379: 515). In other words, the discourses in a literary work are the focus of modern historicism. This approach emphasizes the historicity of texts and the contextuality of history. The historicity of the texts indicates that the writings are created in specific social, cultural and economic conditions and in some ways are also determined by the said conditions. In fact, social-historical developments are not considered by modern historicism studies; Rather, looking at history as a collection of narratives and reading it relies on specific historical events and the structure of knowledge. According to Foucault, the interpretation of each historical period should be consistent with the scientific, cultural and social data of the same era and derive its tools from the rationality of the same period (Tabasi, 2013: 31). In modern historicism, the text is linked to society and politics and incorporates social developments. In fact, modern historicism redefines the relationship between text and history. Therefore, it seeks to reflect the cultural processes felt in the work and the wide historical gaps in the text (Bresler, 2016: 245). Therefore, from the point of view of modern historicism, each period has its own dominant discourses, which can be found by examining the text. 3. Discussion Nasser Khosrow can be introduced as a political poet. He is a critical poet who questions the politics, religion and society of his time and expresses his dissatisfaction and anger in poems and verses. Nasser Khosrow's Diwan Qasa'id delegitimizes the dominant discourses in his society with different linguistic components. In modern historicism, the text is linked to society and politics and incorporates social developments. The delegitimizing discourses in Nasser Khosrow's poetry are: - Criticism of dominance and power seeking - Criticism and repression – Criticism of praise of Shahan Criticism of materialism and wealth seeking Criticism of Ash'ari and religious sectarianism Criticism of traditionalism and ignorance of intellectual and religious sciences 4. Conclusion During the time of Nasser Khosrow, the existing conditions and structure in the Ghaznavid and Seljuk society caused the emergence of power/knowledge. Among the most important dominant discourses in that period can be considered dominationism, materialism, tendency towards transferable sciences (traditionalism), religious sectarianism, and Ash'ariism. Nasser Khosrow criticizes the institution of Ghaznavid and Seljuq power and delegitimizes the power by criticizing the dominant discourse of that period in the form of poetry, and by using language, by bringing expressions, adjectives and words to contempt and blame. and the repression of the institution of power pays. He is not a political fighter; He is a critic who suppresses the political system in the worst possible way with his pen, and harshly criticizes power through culture and discourse, and tries to use language. And discourse, to produce knowledge of poetry and to delegitimize power. In fact, Nasser Khosrow, with his knowledge and understanding of the society and politicians, expresses discourses in his court which delegitimize the power and weaken the institution of power and do not go along with the existing discourses in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
