| Abstrakt: |
Purpose: Soil erosion and deposition are natural occurrences that can greatly affect the functions of soil. Currently, soil erosion has become an important cause of soil degradation in the northeast China, which severely limits the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, understanding the effects of soil erosion and deposition on multiple soil ecosystem functions and soil microbial communities can facilitate a comprehensive assessment of their influence on soil quality and fertility of this region. Materials and methods: This study investigated the effects of soil erosion and deposition on microbial diversity and community in agroecosystems with Mollisols (black soil) at different sites of a slope in northeastern China. The study involves comparison of four slope sites with different erosion intensities and a deposition site. Firstly, a multifunctionality index was generated after determination of a number of soil physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Then, the soil bacteria were determined by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing technology. Finally, the above data were analyzed to investigate the relationship among microbial community characteristics, soil multifunctionality, and soil erosion and deposition. Results and discussion: Erosion reduces while deposition enhances soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity. Soil multifunctionality decreased from 0.52 (TS) to –0.83 (LS) and increased to 0.85 (FS). Erosion and deposition significantly changed the abundance of Desulfobacterota, Geobacteraceae, Methylomirabilota, and others, which may be related to soil physicochemical properties and hydrothermal conditions. Erosion reduced the complexity and stability of the co-occurrence network of bacteria, whose node and robustness respectively decreased from 540 and 0.1936 (TS) to 488 and 0.1881 (LS), and the vulnerability increased from 0.0006 (TS) to 0.0013 (LS). Moreover, the complexity and stability showed positive correlations with soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity. Overall, our results indicated that erosion and deposition can significantly affect soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity, which will further alter soil microbial communities and their functions. Conclusions: Soil degradation caused by soil erosion may be reflected not only by the reduction of soil nutrients and destruction of soil structure, but also by decreases in soil microbial diversity, network complexity, and stability. Soil degradation caused by erosion includes a decline in soil multifunctionality and microbial characteristics, both of which should be taken into account when treating and rehabilitating degraded soils caused by erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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