| Abstrakt: |
Acid rain poses a worldwide environmental concern, impacting ecosystems and human health, even within Vietnam. This research delves into its occurrence across a range of urban and rural settings in the country. This study evaluated the acid rain in Hanoi, Hoa Binh in 2000-2020 and Ho Chi Minh in 2014-2020. Irregular acid rain, influenced by human activities and atmospheric convection, is observed in the study areas. Interestingly, while serving as pivotal growth centers with similar developmental levels and emissions, Hanoi encounters a more frequent occurrence of acid rain compared to Ho Chi Minh City. Notably, even in the rural vicinity of Hoa Binh, the prevalence of acid rain exceeds that observed in Ho Chi Minh City. The primary contributor to acidity in rainwater is nss (non-sea-salt)-SO42 - , with NH4 + acting as the neutralizing agent and both predicted to increase in concentration in Hanoi and Hoa Binh. Conversely, NO3 - serves this role and shows an upward trend in Ho Chi Minh. Overall, the results obtained from an extended evaluation period using the EANET database and diverse city characteristics indicate a worrisome escalation of acid rain in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
