| Abstrakt: |
The history of the formation and development of Earth sciences since the founding of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) contains a significant amount of factual material. Taking into account the limitation of the volume of the journal publication, the authors divided the chronological review of the history of natural sciences in the system of the Academy dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine into three parts. In the first part, the main historical events in dates, facts and personalities of the formation and development of the natural sciences of Ukraine from the founding of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1918 to the organizational and structural formation of the Department of Earth and Space Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in 1963 are listed in chronological order. In the second and third parts, the formation and development of scientific institutions of the Department of Earth Sciences are considered in accordance with (1963-1990) and after (1991-2023), i.e., the acquisition of independence by Ukraine, as well as brief information about the achievements of the members of the Academy. Scientists-naturalists from the moment of establishment of UAS and during its first 45 years passed all stages of its formation and development. Among the outstanding achievements, which became a unique contribution to the development of natural sciences during this period, the following should be included: (a) the substantiation of a new theoretical direction in geological science - tectoorogeny, the doctrine of the Earth's tectonosphere, (b) the beginning of the creation of the concept of the abiogenic (inorganic) origin of oil and gas at extremely high temperatures and pressures in the Earth's upper mantle, (c) studying the deep structure of the Earth's crust and the upper mantle of the territory of Ukraine by geophysical methods. The above list of key achievements includes only breakthrough ideas and theories. In the text of the article, the content and significance of the main achievements of natural scientists of the Academy are considered in the given biographical references about their authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
