| Abstrakt: |
According to mounting evidence, PC may arise from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a distinct population of cancer cells with features similar to those of stem cells. However, the CSCs that spread the cancer cells and tumor that are resistant to medical therapy may be distinct. CSCs have the capacity to naturally resist medical treatment and cause tumor relapse. Breast cancer is made up of a diverse range of tumors with different characteristics, physiologies, and therapeutic approaches. A small glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-joined cell surface protein involved in cell adhesion is called EPCAM. It resembles mucin. Enhancing clinical outcomes and preventing the challenge of cancer will be made possible by improving understanding of the processes behind cancer resistance and the development of treatment approaches. Resistance to chemotherapy. Age, grade, tumor size, histological type of tumor, and clinical stage were among the clinicopathological variables that were examined and revealed significant group differences. In this study, sixty patients with breast cancer from Iraqi women were included. They were divided into three groups: Group I, which contained 20 newly diagnosed patients, Group II, which contained 20 relapsed patients who underwent chemotherapy and recovered later, and Group III, which contained 20 patients who displayed resistance or no response to chemotherapy. The percentages of immunohistochemical expression on the basis of cell scoring data of EPCAM positive cells for groups I (42,59%), II (64,68%), and III, with a greater proportion reaching (77,89%) with significant (P 0.05) variations between groups. Additionally, histopathological parameters were examined, revealing various histopathological characteristics in each group of the study, such as high necrosis and severe hemorrhage. The tumor cells also extended to the right from the luminal surface at the upper left to the muscular is propria at the lower right, and there was a high degree of variability in the longitudinal spaces of the tumor mass. As a last thought, EPCAM marker might be used to target therapy of breast cancer stem cells within the tumor tissue limiting the recurrence of the tumor since they play a part in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and relapsing of the illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
