| Abstrakt: |
Background: To the best of our knowledge, in Yemen, size of endemic and epidemic extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing pathogens and its antibiotic resistance is unknown. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance of ESBL in Yemen. Methods: A nine months cross sectional study was carried out on 285 isolated pathogens from the three major governorates of the country (Sana’a, Aden and Taiz). Bacterial growth was identified according to standard methods. Antimicrobial agent susceptibility was assessed according to the Kirby–Bauer method. Results: The overall prevalence rate of ESBL producer was found to be 35.4% in Yemen. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organisms producing ESBL. High prevalence rate of ESBLproducers was significantly reported in ICU (60.0%, OR= 3.0, P < 0.003). A higher rate of ESBLproducing isolates was found in Sana'a (65/148, 43.9%, OR=2.2, P < 0.002). K. pneumoniae was the main causative agents (40/65, 61.5%), which was significantly higher in Sana'a (OR= 3.7, P < 0.001) compared to Aden (17/69, 24.6%) and Taiz (19/68, 27.9%). Escherichia coli was the predominant ESBL-producer in Aden (12/35, 34.3%) and Taiz (12/33, 36.4%) governorates. Antibiotic resistance was significantly associated with ESBL producing isolates in all the governorates (OR = 4.0, P <0.001). In this study, the result of comparisons between antibiotic resistance of ESBL and non-ESBL producing isolates revealed that all ESBL isolates were significantly resistant to all tested antibiotics except Impenem. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was the most commonly isolated ESBL producer and antibiotic resistance. Inpatients in general and intensive care units in particular are the epicenter of ESBL producing pathogens. Findings of this study can conclude that ESBL producing isolates are responsible for growing the resistance against new generations of beta lactam antibiotics as well as acquired co-resistance to other classes of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
