| Abstrakt: |
Environmental stresses, including the salt and heavy metals contaminated sites, signify a threat to sustainable crop production. The existence of these stresses has increased in recent years due to human-induced climate change. In view of this, several remediation strategies including nanotechnology have been studied to find more effective approaches for sustaining the environment. Nanoparticles, due to unique physiochemical properties; i.e. high mobility, reactivity, high surface area, and particle morphology, have shown a promising solution to promote sustainable agriculture. Crop plants easily take up nanoparticles, which can penetrate into the cells to play essential roles in growth and metabolic events. In addition, different iron- and carbon-based nanocompositions enhance the removal of metals from the contaminated sites and water; these nanoparticles activate the functional groups that potentially target specific molecules of the metal pollutants to obtain efficient remediation. This review article emphasises the recent advancement in the application of nanotechnology for the remediation of contaminated soils with metal pollutants and mitigating different abiotic stresses. Different implementation barriers are also discussed. Furthermore, we reported the opportunities and research directions to promote sustainable development based on the application of nanotechnology. Abiotic stress, due to both natural and anthropogenic activities, alters the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, which adversely affects crop growth, development, and productivity. Abiotic stresses, including heavy metals, salts, and temperature extremes, cause a significant reduction in crop yields worldwide. There is an imperative need for environmentally friendly techniques to combat these stresses and improve agricultural sustainability. Nanomaterials, both nanoscale materials and nanocomposites, are the magic bullets showing the ability to alleviate the constraints associated with environmental stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
