| Abstrakt: |
We classify bisphenols as organic compounds from the group of phenols. Since bisphenols are carcinogenic and disrupt the human body's hormonal balance, removing these compounds from the aquatic environment is crucial. The production of creams and household plastics uses bisphenols. Such harmful compounds include bisphenol A and its derivatives (e.g., bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol M (BPM), bisphenol E (BPE), and bisphenol C (BPCl2)). Although bisphenol A is still the dominant bisphenol in the environment, the legal restrictions on its use lead to the use of other bisphenols. Biochemical processes remove 50%--90% of these compounds from wastewater. Introducing Fenton's reagent or UV radiation improves efficiency. However, these are still ineffective methods of their removal from sewage and water. The paper focuses on the possibility of removing bisphenols: bisphenol A, bisphenol E, bisphenol B, bisphenol G, bisphenol C, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol M from surface water using integrated nanofiltration--reverse osmosis membrane processes. The research is carried out at a small nanofiltration and reverse osmosis station. The process uses nanofiltration and the osmotic membrane of spiral aromatic polyamide membranes. Chemical determinations are made by chromatographic analysis developed for these compounds. The conducted studies showed the removal of the tested compounds with high effectiveness. The process parameters significantly influence the removal process, particularly the concentration of bisphenols in the feed and the transmembrane pressure. The impact of these processes should be further analyzed and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
