| Abstrakt: |
The system of seed production and breeding in Russia is currently below the appropriate level. Seed-producing organizations provide agricultural producers with domestically grown seeds only for grain crops (more than 95%). The figures are much lower for grain maize, sunflower, soybean, and rapeseed (about 50%), and very low for sugar beet (not more than 5%). Seed breeding and production are links in one chain, and the efficiency of the whole system will be determined by the efficiency of functioning of its elements. This article formulates the principles of functioning of the seed production system that allow it to function efficiently in modern conditions. These principles include consistency, resource concentration, continuity, competitiveness, balance, adaptability, and economic feasibility. The principle of economic feasibility determines many others, e.g. the possibility of continuous seed production, the possibility of breeding new varieties, and the ability of seed organizations to compete in the national and foreign markets. To assess the efficiency of seed production and breeding system at various levels and for various economic entities, it is proposed to use qualitative and quantitative indicators. The analysis was conducted to evaluate the current state of seed production and breeding system. Its results show that this system is inefficient at the level of the country and regions, which is confirmed by qualitative and quantitative indicators. At the same time, a fairly high efficiency of seed production is observed in seed-producing organizations engaged in the production and sale of seeds of grain crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
