| Abstrakt: |
Typological, constructional, engineering, and especially space and mass architectural innovations laid the foundations of a new direction in the area of sacral architecture besides others. Still within the long 19th century, the influences of subsiding historicism and emerging modernism met the peak of innovative impulses in the era of functionalism. Beginning in the 1930s in Slovakia, then a part of interwar Czechoslovakia, we can observe a reflection of innovations especially in the architecture of Evangelical churches. Their creators introduced remarkable layout and operational solutions that came from the innovation in traditional central and basilic schemes. Evangelicalism brings into architecture the innovation of tradition as well as entirely new spatial concepts, style and use of new constructions, materials, and construction technology including modern technical equipment of sacral spaces. We present the aforementioned innovations in the architecture of Evangelical churches during the era of modernism and functionalism in Slovakia using examples of selected buildings from the south-west of Slovakia – the Evangelical church in Prievoz in Bratislava, the church in Pliešovce, the New Evangelical church in Bratislava and its variations (Pukanec, Veľký Grob, and Ladzany), Evangelical churches in Grinava, Senec, Nesvady, and Trnava. Each of the selected buildings represents a unique approach to creating a sacral space and by means of their creators reflects innovative trends. In this way the contribution maps regional differences in the architecture of the buildings, spatial concepts, or the rate of usage of new construction practices, materials, and technologies in sacral architecture. We also pay adequate attention to the individual architects and builders or building companies that were the main bearers of architectural innovations and new ideas. Architects Michal Milan Harminc, Emil Belluš, Josef Marek and others were ones one important Czechoslovak interwar architectural scene figures. The first two, Harminc and Belluš, are ones of the doyens of Slovak architecture. We qualify their contribution to the formation of sacral architecture of Evangelicals in Slovakia as extraordinary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
