| Abstrakt: |
The study is aimed at revealing the effect of fertilizer levels on sugar beet yields and peculiarities of NPK consumption from soil and fertilizers under conditions of the Central Black-Earth Region. The work was carried out on the fallow field of the grain-beet crop rotation in Voronezh oblast in 2019–2021. The experiment included the following variants: beet hybrid (factor A)—RMS 120, RMS 127, and Mitika; fertilizer (factor B)—no fertilizer, N45P45K45 + manure (25 t/ha), N90P90K90 + manure (25 t/ha), N135P135K135 + manure (25 t/ha), N120P120K120 + manure (50 t/ha), and N190P190K190. Mineral fertilizers were applied under sugar beet, while manure to a fallow field. High saturation with nutrients (N135P135K135 + 25 t of manure/ha and N120P120K120 + 50 t of manure/ha) provides the formation of root crop yields of domestic and foreign hybrids at the levels of 43.2–45.1 t/ha and 48.3–51.6 t/ha, respectively. The obtained crop yields exceed the values obtained on unfertilized variants by 20.7–59.4 and 9.0–22.3%, respectively. In fertilized variants, the yield of dry matter of the main products amount to 11.9–15.3 t/ha for RMS 120 and RMS 127 and 13.5–15.1 t/ha for Mitika. Domestic hybrids mainly consume NPK from fertilizers, while foreign hybrids use soil nutrients, which lead to decline of environmental conditions in crop fields (with the exception for K2O, intensively consumed by domestic hybrids, especially by RMS 127). To obtain maximum yields of hybrids Mitika, RMS 120, and RMS 127, the authors recommend the application of N135P135K135 fertilizer in combination with 25 t of manure/ha in the crop rotation; for the maximal yields of the RMS 127 hybrid, it is also possible to use N90P90K90 + 25 t of manure/ha. To calculate the application doses of fertilizers for the planned yield, it is recommended to use the following removal rates per 1 t of the main product: for the RMS 120 hybrid, 3.80 kg N, 1.40 kg P2O5, and 4.18 kg K2O; for RMS 127, 3.44 kg N, 1.24 kg P2O5, and 3.83 kg K2O; for Mitika, 3.14 kg N, 1.09 kg P2O5, and 2.97 K2O kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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