Bivalent binding of staphylococcal superantigens to the TCR and CD28 triggers inflammatory signals independently of antigen presenting cells.

Autor:	Kunkl, Martina, Amormino, Carola, Spallotta, Francesco, Caristi, Silvana, Fiorillo, Maria Teresa, Paiardini, Alessandro, Kaempfer, Raymond, Tuosto, Loretta
Předmět:	TOXIC shock syndrome ANTIGEN presenting cells T cell receptors CD28 antigen SUPERANTIGENS ARTIFICIAL intelligence T cells
Zdroj:	Frontiers in Immunology; 2023, p1-15, 15p
Abstrakt:	Staphylococcus aureus superantigens (SAgs) such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and B (SEB) are potent toxins stimulating T cells to produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines, thus causing toxic shock and sepsis. Here we used a recently released artificial intelligence-based algorithm to better elucidate the interaction between staphylococcal SAgs and their ligands on T cells, the TCR and CD28. The obtained computational models together with functional data show that SEB and SEA are able to bind to the TCR and CD28 stimulating T cells to activate inflammatory signals independently of MHC class II- and B7-expressing antigen presenting cells. These data reveal a novel mode of action of staphylococcal SAgs. By binding to the TCR and CD28 in a bivalent way, staphylococcal SAgs trigger both the early and late signalling events, which lead to massive inflammatory cytokine secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze:	Complementary Index
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