Estimation of component-wise runoff contribution using temperature index approach, in a snow- and glacier-fed transboundary Shyok River catchment of the Upper Indus Basin.

Autor: Farooq, Muhammad Umar, Kharal, Muhammad Ashiq, Bogacki, Wolfgang, Ismail, Muhammad Fraz, Mehmood, Asif
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Zdroj: Arabian Journal of Geosciences; Aug2023, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p1-12, 12p
Abstrakt: The study is focused on the estimation of component-wise runoff using temperature-index approach for the snow and glacier dominated Shyok River catchment; a sub-basin of the Upper Indus basin (UIB). Shyok River is a transboundary stream that has a catchment area of 33,465 km2 over three countries; Pakistan 28%, India 54%, and China 18%. To achieve the objective of the study, temperature-index approach-based snow and glacier melt runoff model (SRM+G) was applied in the Shyok River catchment for the duration of 2003–2014. The satellite-based remote-sensed MODIS snow-covered area (MOD10A1.005), NOAA RFE CA 2.0 precipitation and Landsat8 scenes' extracted glacier extent were used in the model at daily time scale. SRTM 90m DEM was used for the catchment processing and its division into particular elevation zones in view of the modelling requirements. Based on the ground-observed temperature data of stations across UIB, an equation was developed using regression analysis for the estimation of temperature lapse rate (TLR) in the region. The daily temperature records at Hushey stations were projected for the constructed elevations zones using the estimated TLR of 0.64 °C per 100 m. The model was calibrated and validated using the daily streamflow record of Shyok River at Yogo station with a mean coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.93. An acceptable agreement of ± 10% error was achieved for the simulated annual inflow volume except for year 2010 that carried a rainfall-generated flood in summer season. The mean annual contribution from glacier melt, snowmelt and rainfall was estimated as 49%, 39% and 12%, respectively. The glacier melt was found to be the dominant contributor in the annual inflow. Snow-covered and glacier-exposed mapping of the catchment was also carried out on long-term monthly basis. The findings of the study are beneficial for the water resources managers in the concerned organisations for the improved flow forecasting and water resources management in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index
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