| Abstrakt: |
The expediency of using gas caps to prevent emergency situations caused by waves of increased pressure that occur in the pipeline when the pumping rate in main oil pipelines changes is investigated. It was determined that the most effective application of gas caps is the protection of short pipelines, while pressure wave smoothing systems should be installed on main pipelines. An analysis of systems with damping devices in the form of gas accumulators was carried out to find out the effectiveness of their use as a means of protecting the pipeline from emergency situations. The positive aspects of the use of gas caps are identified, which include the absence of additional devices necessary for the return injection of liquid from the gas cap to the main pipeline after a water hummer. With a sufficient volume of the gas cavity, the gas cap, as well as the safety valve, although to a lesser extent, is able to reduce the amplitude of the hydraulic shock wave, but its main effect is worsened in another way. The gas cap reduces the rate of increase in pressure in the pipeline and thus worsens the shutdown of the pumps pumping liquid into the pipeline, in other words, prevents a possible accident. However, there is currently no fully developed gas cap device ready for use at oil pumping stations. With a sufficient volume of the gas cavity, the gas cap, as well as the safety valve, although to a lesser extent, is able to reduce the amplitude of the hydraulic shock wave, but its main effect is worsened in another way. To ensure the maximum efficiency of the research results, similarity criteria were defined, which allow to present the obtained results as a criterion functional dependence. This approach allows, with a limited number of experiments, to estimate the further course of the process and the behavior of the system under study with various combinations of dimensionless parameters. A calculated example of the use of the obtained results is given, which demonstrates the choice of the volume of the gas cavity of the cap for the protection of the oil pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
