| Abstrakt: |
Purpose: The formation of a knowledge-based economy is one of the central policies of today's societies. The main factor of growth in this economy is the creation of technology, new knowledge, and the application of advanced technology. A knowledge-based economy is a type of economy in which the production and exploitation of knowledge play a significant role in creating wealth (Dasgupta & David, 1994). Based on this, the relationship between science and technology in the framework of pursuing sustainable economic development has received wide attention, and one of the ways to investigate the interactions between science and technology is to examine the citation between them (Looy & et al, 2003). Through the measurement of citations between scientific productions and patents, it is possible to find out their applicability and determine which researches have the potential to be commercialized. Among are universities as knowledge organizations which play an essential role in countries' economies in facilitating the formation of a knowledge-based economy. Therefore, it has become necessary to evaluate the performance of universities due to their vital role in the economic growth and social development of our society. Since these institutions are known as sources of scientific and technological production, the purpose of this research is to compare the flow of knowledge in Iranian universities and the top 100 universities worldwide by using citation measurement between articles and patents. Methodology: This research is an applied study conducted with a documentary method and a scientometrics approach. The research community was determined in a targeted manner and includes 8 top universities in Iran and 50 top universities worldwide, which were jointly present in the five ranking systems of Times, US News, Shanghai, Leiden, and SciVision. In this study, the information related to patent licenses citing articles, the number of publications citing patent licenses, the average number of patent licenses cited by the university to articles of the same university, and citing the patent licenses of each university from the SciVal database in the period, time 2009 to 2018 were extracted on June 26, 2019. Finally, the study's data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of "Frequency Distribution and Mean" and with the help of Excel software. Findings: Stanford University in the index of patent licenses citing articles with 12.31%, in the index of the number of publications cited in patent licenses with 11.59, in the index of the average number of patent licenses citing articles of the same university with 9.68% and in the index Citation of patents was the most frequent with 14.02%. Also, the investigation of the performance of Iranian universities and the world's top universities revealed that their activities had a negative trend based on the investigated indicators and had a poor performance in a ten year period. These results showed that the average number of patent licenses citing articles in the world's top universities is 2210.35. From 2010 to 10.41 patent licenses in 2018, and according to this index, Iranian universities from 75.75 in 2009 to 2 patent licenses. The average number of publications cited by patent licenses of the world's top universities from 504.85 in 2009 to 9.11 documents in 2018 and Iranian universities from 25.62 in 2009 to 0.375 in 2018, the average number of patent licenses in each university citing the same university's articles From 335.48 in 2009 to 1.02 in 2018, and this rate in Iranian universities have increased from 53.17 in 2009 to 0.2 in 2018, The average number of citations to patent licenses of the world's top universities reached 107 cases in 2018, from 2442.29 in 2009. Also, Iranian universities have performed 24, 17, 6, and 26 times less than the average of the top universities worldwide in all the mentioned indicators. Conclusion: One of the primary, leading, prominent roles of universities is to produce usable knowledge. To attain such an aim, it is necessary to have a relationship with industries. One of the connecting factors between universities and industries is the attention to research and development and the creation of quality technology and production. The results of the present study showed that universities had performed poorly in achieving their mission. In many universities, patents are not developed simultaneously as articles. Even their scientific productions are not considered for patents and are not applied. Therefore, the publishing of articles and patent licenses to increase their number without considering their quality cannot cause economic prosperity. For this reason, universities must try to raise the quality of scientific productions and improve their rank by timely politicizing the issues on the way; solving and promoting the culture of cooperation with industry to commercialize research to achieve more efficient results. کلیدواژهها [English] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
