| Abstrakt: |
Biomass (a renewable resource) is getting huge attention as a feedstock for preparation of adsorbents due to its low cost of production, enormous availability and eco-friendliness. In this context, bio-adsorbent and activated carbons were synthesised using pine nut cover, amla bark, ginger peels as raw material, and their applicability in softening of hardwater was investigated. In addition, conventional and microwave method were employed to find the efficient and promising technique for their preparation. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used as a chemical activating agent because of its low toxicity and to achieve high porosity. The maximum adsorptive capacities of pine nut B, pine nut AC, Ginger AC, Amla C and Amla AC1 were 92.92, 102.92, 88.33, 62.9 and 68.33 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbents were characterised using PXRD, SEM and FT-IR data and possible mechanism of interaction was investigated using FT-IR. Comparative analysis of adsorptive capacities and kinetics of the adsorbents revealed that pine nut covers were cost-effective and efficient material for removal of water hardness. In this study, economic, efficient and eco-friendly activated carbons have been synthesised using negative market materials for the removal of hardness from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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