| Abstrakt: |
Some researchers believe that reducing pollution through commercial liberalization is a factor in increasing the quality of the environment. However, a group of economists claims that trade liberalization degrades the quality of the environment as some countries specialize in producing polluted, energy-intensive, or capitalintensive goods. Given that the existing theoretical foundations provide grounds for a positive or negative relationship between trade and the environment, it is necessary to examine this issue through empirical studies. Accordingly, in this study, the fundamental question is what effect does international trade have on the environment of oil-exporting countries? For this purpose, general scientific and special research methods, including correlation-regression analysis are utilized. The study results show that due to the positive relationship between the effect of trade openness on carbon emissions, the pollution shelter hypothesis is accepted for oil-exporting countries. Also, considering the relationship between per capita income and carbon emissions in these N-shaped countries, the effect of the scale is negative. In addition, increasing competitive advantage and foreign direct investment lead to reduced carbon emissions in oil-exporting countries, reflecting the scale effect and the negative technical effect of trade, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
