| Autor: |
Xiao, Shan, Fang, Yuan, Chen, Jie, Zou, Zonghua, Gao, Yanyan, Xu, Panpan, Jiao, Xueke, Ren, Miaoyue |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Water (20734441); Mar2023, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p1082, 20p |
| Abstrakt: |
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water, particularly in arid regions. In this study, a total of 66 groundwater samples were collected from the phreatic aquifer in the Shizuishan area, a traditional irrigation region of Ningxia. The results showed that the TDS values were above the drinking water standards for nearly 50% of the groundwater samples. The ions followed the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and SO42− > Cl− > HCO3− in the groundwater. There were four dominant factors in controlling groundwater chemistry based on principal component analysis: the salinity factor, alkalinity factor, carbonate factor, and pollution factor. The high concentration of NH4-N in groundwater was attributed to agricultural activities, but the high NO3-N levels were mainly due to sewage or wastewater. F and As were derived from geogenic sources. Based on the result of the WQI assessment, about 40% of the samples in the central part of the study region showed unacceptable water quality for drinking, which was mainly associated with high NH4-N, TDS, and As concentrations. The total non-carcinogenic risks of drinking the groundwater were 0.05–10.62 for adults and 0.09–20.65 for children, respectively. The order of pollutants in the groundwater in terms of their hazard to residents was: As > F− > NO3-N > NH4-N. The carcinogenic risk values of As through oral ingestion for children and adults were 0–7.37 × 10−4 and 0–1.89 × 10−4, respectively. Chronic exposure by oral ingestion presented as the main source of susceptibility to exposure to groundwater contaminants for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
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