| Abstrakt: |
The article attempts to clarify the theoretical foundations of the formation of the concept of Ukrainian unity at one of the decisive stages of the nation’s struggle to implement the idea of unity into an ethnic family - during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1920. On the basis of the analysis of the documents of the era, the theoretical heritage of Ukrainian intellectuals - the leaders of the national movement, the materials of the heads of socio-political processes, it is proved that the calculations and logical constructions of constructive plans and ways of their implementation were based on an ethnographic principle: “candidates” for consolidation into a joint state entity areas of compact residence of the ethnic group were definitely recognized, where their number was predominant - 50% + 1 person. In regions with a mixed (poly-ethnic) composition of the population, the democratic way of solving the problem of their belonging to one or another entity should be the will of the residents: holding referenda, plebiscites, polls, decisions of community meetings, etc. From the first steps of the post-February (1917) development of events, the scientific elite (M. Hrushevskyi, V. Vynnychenko, S. Yefremov, D. Doroshenko, etc.) substantiated the platform according to which the progressive progress of Ukrainianism was possible only on the path of deepening revolutionary shifts, first of all, the introduction of national statehood. Consequently, the problem of sobrality became a derivative, an organic component of the concept of the Ukrainian national-democratic revolution. Remaining faithful to the defined criteria, the Central Rada steadily sought positive results in confrontations with the Provisional Government and the People’s Committee of Soviet Russia. Neglecting the scientific-ethnographic principle, replacing it, or groundlessly “supplementing” it with conjunctural, income - mostly political, as well as historical, economic, geographical, strategic-military or other elements-criteria did not bring any desired effect, as happened, for example, under the hetmanate of P. Skoropadskyi, but also caused tensions, insurmountable crises in international relations. The return to the revolutionary path of development (a new stage of the Ukrainian revolution), the revival of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, which coincided in time with the revolutionary collapse of Austria-Hungary and the creation of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, opened the way to the rapprochement of the two Ukrainian state phenomena. Guided by scientific predictions, the moods of Transnistrian and Transnistrian Ukrainians, and humane aspirations, the Act of Zluk was adopted on January 22, 1919. Although due to many reasons it was not possible to fully implement the intended course, it became an inspiring example, one of the indispensable state-building landmarks for fighters for national unity, cathedral Ukraine. An important confirmation of the objective theoretical correctness, significance, and viability of the scientific-ethnographic principle in the conceptual vision of the prospects of national development were, so to speak, from the reverse side, the unpleasant, negative real facts, the practice of the end of 1919-1920, when the leaders of the Ukrainian movement tried to achieve the goal, the triumph of the Ukrainian cause, renouncing comprehensively substantiated, verified ideological and political programs, all their components, including the concept of national unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
