Presence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in the Environment of Farm Facilities without Pigs in Long Term-Vaccinated Farrow-to-Wean Farms.

Autor: López-Lorenzo, Gonzalo, Prieto, Alberto, López-Novo, Cynthia, Díaz, Pablo, Remesar, Susana, Morrondo, Patrocinio, Fernández, Gonzalo, Díaz-Cao, José Manuel
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Zdroj: Animals (2076-2615); Dec2022, Vol. 12 Issue 24, p3515, 9p
Abstrakt: Simple Summary: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) vaccination is a widespread measure that effectively reduces infection prevalence in swine farms. However, this tool has failed to eradicate the infection, probably because of the persistence of PCV2 in the environment of the farms. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of PCV2 in different areas of swine farms to identify critical points which may act as possible viral reservoirs. Four farrow-to-wean long-term vaccinated farms were studied, sampling different surfaces from animal and non-animal areas and analyzing them by qPCR to detect and quantify the PCV2 load. The results show the near absence of PCV2 in animal areas; in contrast, the virus is frequently detected in offices, farm staff clothing and the farm perimeter. As PCV2 vaccination does not provide sterilizing immunity, the detected viral load is probably the result of low shedding from subclinically infected animals on the farm; thus, PCV2 would tend to accumulate in areas not cleaned and disinfected regularly. Nevertheless, an external source of PCV2 cannot be totally ruled out. This study shows the existence of potential critical points for PCV2 persistence in vaccinated farms, indicating the need of considering them for future eradication plans. Vaccination against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) even over several years has proven as an insufficient measure to eradicate the infection from farms, possibly due to not producing sterilizing immunity. Viral persistence in the farm environment has been proposed as a possible cause of reinfection, and for that reason, the main objective of this study was to identify potential critical points where PCV2 could persist in farrow-to-wean farms which had been vaccinating piglets for years. Surface samples were collected from different farm facilities with and without animals and analyzed by qPCR to detect and quantify the viral load. Most of the samples taken in animal housing facilities tested negative (96.6%); however, PCV2 was more frequently detected in samples from the offices (37.5%), the farm staff (25%) and the perimeter (21%). These results indicate that PCV2 contamination is frequent in facilities despite the long-term use of vaccination programs. Therefore, PCV2 control programs should include more exhaustive cleaning and disinfection protocols in non-animal facilities, as well as the implementation of specific biosecurity measures in these areas to minimize the risk of PCV2 introduction from external sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index
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