| Abstrakt: |
In this study, 50 Iranian fennel landraces from different phenological types were evaluated for their oil content and fatty acid profile. Landraces were categorized into three phenological groups: late (180 days), medium (140 days) and early maturing habits (110 days). The highest fatty acid content among the early, medium, and late maturity types were detected in Hamedan (19.5%), Marvdasht (23%), and Sari (21%), respectively. The highest yield of oil per square meter among the early, medium, and late maturing types were detected in Fasa (65.3 ml/m2), Meshkin Shahr (92.5 ml/m2), and Sari (71.4 ml/m2), respectively. The main components of fatty acid profile were petroseli nic/oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1 %), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%), and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high petroselinic and oleic acid content originated from areas with dry and warm environments, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originate d from regions with a humid and cool climate. This pattern shows potential evolutionary adaption of biochemical pathways to the enviro -nmental condition. Our data showed that fennel oil contains a lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, and a higher ratio of monouns aturated to polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. In conclusion, our results indicated that bitter fennel, as a medicinal plant, has a high potential for oil production and a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
