Brain–phenotype models fail for individuals who defy sample stereotypes.

Autor: Greene, Abigail S., Shen, Xilin, Noble, Stephanie, Horien, Corey, Hahn, C. Alice, Arora, Jagriti, Tokoglu, Fuyuze, Spann, Marisa N., Carrión, Carmen I., Barron, Daniel S., Sanacora, Gerard, Srihari, Vinod H., Woods, Scott W., Scheinost, Dustin, Constable, R. Todd
Zdroj: Nature; Sep2022, Vol. 609 Issue 7925, p109-118, 10p
Abstrakt: Individual differences in brain functional organization track a range of traits, symptoms and behaviours1–12. So far, work modelling linear brain–phenotype relationships has assumed that a single such relationship generalizes across all individuals, but models do not work equally well in all participants13,14. A better understanding of in whom models fail and why is crucial to revealing robust, useful and unbiased brain–phenotype relationships. To this end, here we related brain activity to phenotype using predictive models—trained and tested on independent data to ensure generalizability15—and examined model failure. We applied this data-driven approach to a range of neurocognitive measures in a new, clinically and demographically heterogeneous dataset, with the results replicated in two independent, publicly available datasets16,17. Across all three datasets, we find that models reflect not unitary cognitive constructs, but rather neurocognitive scores intertwined with sociodemographic and clinical covariates; that is, models reflect stereotypical profiles, and fail when applied to individuals who defy them. Model failure is reliable, phenotype specific and generalizable across datasets. Together, these results highlight the pitfalls of a one-size-fits-all modelling approach and the effect of biased phenotypic measures18–20 on the interpretation and utility of resulting brain–phenotype models. We present a framework to address these issues so that such models may reveal the neural circuits that underlie specific phenotypes and ultimately identify individualized neural targets for clinical intervention.Predictive models that relate brain activity to phenotype reliably fail when applied to subgroups of participants who do not fit stereotypical profiles, showing that the utility of a one-size-fits-all modelling approach is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze: Complementary Index
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