| Abstrakt: |
The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the aspen leafminer Phyllonorycter apparella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), developing on the aspen Populus tremula L., was studied near the town of Izhevsk, Russia. A total of 26 species of parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Braconidae) were reared from Ph. apparella, 8 of them representing the first records for this host: Pnigalio mediterraneus, Sympiesis dolichogaster, Zagrammosoma variegatum, Chrysocharis longitarsus, Ch. phryne, Ch. pubicornis, Neochrysocharis cuprifrons, and N. formosus. The development of the parasitoid assemblage in a persistent Ph. apparella outbreak focus during 2014–2017 was marked by an annual increase in the number of species (first from 6 to 9, later to 16, and finally up to 19) and a change in the composition of dominants: Pholetesor circumscriptus → (Closterocerus trifasciatus + Minotetrastichus frontalis) → (Cirrospilus pictus + C. trifasciatus + M. frontalis) → Chrysocharis pentheus. Mortality of Ph. apparella in 2014–2016 was mainly due to unknown factors, while in 2017 parasitoids became the leading factor responsible for up to 69.8 ± 4.8% of the leafminer mortality, and the outbreak focus ceased to exist. Changes in the structure of the parasitoid assemblage were based on multitrophic interactions between the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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