| Abstrakt: |
Cadmium (Cd) is predominantly observed within the soil to cause deterioration of plant and microbial activities within rhizosphere. Cd-toxicity leads to major agricultural constraints due to its accumulation within plants and therefore entry within food chain. Plants face numerous repercussions like stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, inhibition of photosynthetic machinery and other physiological and biological activities. Utilization of microbial inoculants for Cd-stress tolerance from plants is lucrative for agricultural practices in order to enhance their productivity and yield. The presence of microorganisms in rhizosphere is of utmost importance as they interact with plants in direct and indirect ways through signalling mechanisms. They are quintessential in improving nutrient uptake and reducing ill effects of metal ions through detoxification, transformation and secreting certain volatile organic compounds that inhibit survival of pathogens near plants. The rhizobacteria possess plant growth-promoting characteristics in terms of improved enzyme activities, nitrogen fixation and phytohormones (Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase etc.), siderophores and chelating agents. Furthermore, microbes are acquired with specific mechanisms against metal ions such as efflux, immobilization, stabilization, complexation, volatilization, sequestration and detoxification of different Cd-ions. Therefore, descriptive understanding of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) favours their exploration as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture through successful commercialization of strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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