| Abstrakt: |
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and IL-6, enzymes, such as MMP-2, -3, -9, -13, ADAMTS-5, concentrations of lubricin, products from collagen, and other cartilage molecule degeneration, such as CTX-II, COMP, COMP neoepitope, chondroitin sulfate, and glycosaminoglycans, are some examples of measured biomarkers in the synovial fluid to detect OA processes in horses ([31]; [63]). The severity of OA also appears to alter the recumbency time in horses, as horses with mild OA spent more time in recumbency, while those with severe OA may have been partially sleep-deprived because they lie down less. Implications Osteoarthritis progress involves considerable damage to the affected joint, directly impacting health, welfare, and performance of athletic horses; Knowledge of the disease's pathways are essential to determine the treatment approach; Accurate and early diagnosis is important to establish the severity and improve the prognosis; Physical therapy and rehabilitation programs are crucial to improve the return of the athletic abilities of the horse. Type II collagen, the primary cartilage collagen, forms fibrils that provide tensile strength, but many other collagen types are also present in cartilage ([17]). [Extracted from the article] |
